Reversing mechanism for motors.



PATENTED snr'r. 12, 1905.

A. L. OUSHMAN.

REVBRSING MECHANISM FOR MOTORS.

APPLICATION run!) n! 31. 1904.

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No. 799,035. PATENTED SEPT.12, 1905.

A. L. GUSHMAN. REVERSING MECHANISM FOR MOTORS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 31, 1904.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ABE LINCOLN CUSHMAN, OF CONCORD, NEWV HAMPSHIRE, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TOBENJAMIN A. KIMBALL, OF CONCORD, NEIV HAMP- SHIRE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 12, 1905.

Application filed May 31, 1904.- Serial No. 210,510.

To (ZZZ whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ABE LINCOLN CUsHMAN, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Concord, in the county of Merrimack and State of NewHampshire, have invented new and useful Improvements in ReversingMechanisms for Motors, of which the following is a specification.

My invention is a mechanism for reversing motors, and is particularlyintended for use in connection with the driving-motor of a machine whichis intermittently reversed to reciprocate the tool, such as a lathe orplaner.

With machines of the class indicated it has heretofore been customary tohave the driving-motor or prime power-shaft rotate continuously in onedirection and to provide a shiftable belt or clutch, operated sometimesautomatically and sometimes by hand, to reverse the machine. Suchdevices, however, have been in some respects and in some situationsobjectionable by reason of the fact that they occupy considerable roomand subject the machine to injurious shocks and strains unless carefullycontrolled and operated.

My invention has for its object to provide an improved reversingmechanism particularly adapted to be used in connection with thedriving-motor of a machine of the class indicated, which will not onlybe free from the objections above noted, but which will not require theattention of the workman and to a reversing device for the motor, suchas a pole-changer in circuit with the motor, and means connecting thepower-controlling member with the reversing device for operating thelatter when said member is shifted to stop the motor. By thisconstruction no attention is required by the workman to effect thereversal of the motor, but each time the powercontrolling member isshifted into its 01f position the reversing device is operated and themotor reversed. The main advantage to this construction is that thereversal of the motor is effected automatically only when the motor isstopped, thereby preventing injury to the-machine driven by the motorwhich has heretofore been caused by too quick reversal of thedriving-motor.

Other features of my invention are hereinafter pointed out.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic viewillustrating one form of my invention. Figs. 2 and 3 are respectivelyface and side views of the pole-changer or reversing-switch hereinafterdescribed.

Having reference to the drawings, A represents an electric motor, B arheostat for controlling said motor, and C a pole-changer orreversing-switch.

The armature-circuit of motor A when polochanger C is in the positionshown in Fig. l is made up of wire 1, which connects with the arm 5,resistance 7/ of rheostat B, wire 2 to a binding-post 0 of pole-changerC, wire a, finger 0 wire 0', and contact 0 finger 0, wire 0 binding-post0*, wire 3, armature a, wire 4, binding-post 0, wire 0 finger o contact0, wire 0 contact 0 finger 0 wire o binding-post 0", and wire 5. Thefield-circuit of motor A is a shunt made up of a wire 6,

connecting binding-post c of pole-changer C wlth a binding-post 0thereof, wire 7, field a, wire 8, and resistance 6 As shown in Figs. 2and 3, the pole-changer C comprises a base D, on which all of the partsof the instrument are mounted. The contacts 0 0", 0. 0 0 0 a, and 0which cooperate with fingers c 0, o and a, are, as shown in Fig. I,mounted upon a disk 0, carried by an arbor 0", journaled in bearings ona bracket 0 and a frame 0 fixed to the base of polechanger C. At itsouter end arbor c has fixed upon it a ratchet-wheel 0 cooperating with apawl 0 carried at one end of a swinging arm 0 At its other end arm 0 isforked and straddles ratchet-wheel 0 the two members of the fork beingpivoted loosely on arbor 0 Arm 0 is connected by a link 0 with acrosshead 0 carrying two solenoid-cores 0 which extend into a pair ofcoils 0 mounted on the base D of the pole-changer C. Cores c and coils 0constitute an electric motor for operating disk 0 of the pole-changer.Near its middle cross-head 0 has fixed to it one end of a rod 0 which atits other end extends loosely through a cross-bar 0 fastened to the endsof coils o and outside of which bar 0 is threaded to receive upon it twonuts 0 Mounted upon rod 0 is a spring 0", hearing at one end againstcross head 0 and at its other end against cross-bar c ,so as to normallyhold the cores a projected, with pawl 0 in engagement with one of theteeth of ratchet-Wheel \V hen coils 0 are energized, cores 0 areretracted, and their inward movement acts,

through link 0 to turn ratchet-wheel 0, ar-

bor c and disk 0 angularly a distance of ninety degrees. When coils 0are denergized, spring 0 returns the cores, link 0 arm c and pawl 0 tonormal position with nuts 0 against cross-bar 0 The stop 0 limits thelateral movement of link 0 and prevents the moving of disk 0 more than aquarter-turn when the cores 0 are retracted.

By reference to Fig. 1 it will be seen that each time disk 0 is movedninety degrees the current through armature (b is reversed, thusreversing the motor A-that is to say, contacts 0 c, and 0 on disk 0 areelectrically connected, contacts 0 c and 0 are electrically connected,and the contacts 0 and 0 are electrically connected. Therefore, as shownin Fig. 1, finger c is connected with finger 0 and finger o with finger0 but when disk 0 is turned in the direction of the arrow in Fig. lninety degrees from the position shown fingers c and c are electricallyconnected, and at the same time fingers c and 0 are electricallyconnected, while another step movement of disk 0 ninety degrees connects0 with c and o with 0 Located in position to engage arm 6 when thelatter occupies its open or offposition is a contact 0 connected by aWire 0 with one terminal of a hand-operated switch S, the other terminalof said switch being connected by a wire 0 with one end of the windingofcoils 0. The other end of the winding of coils 0 is connected by awire 0 with binding-post 0 so that when switch S is closed and arm 6 isbrought into engagement with contact 0 a circuit from line-wire 1,-through coils 0 to line-wire 5 is established and pole-changer C isoperated.

I/Vhen motor A is started, arm Z) is swung away from contact 0 intoengagement with contacts 5 and I), and to stop motor A arm 6 is movedback out of engagement with contacts b and b and against contact 0 Itwill therefore be clear that when motor A is used to drive a lathe,planer, or the like and is stopped either automatically or by theWorkman at the end of either stroke or travel of the machine thepole-changer'C is automatally operated, so that when motor Ais startedagain it will run in the opposite direction from that in which it wasrunning before it was stopped. This change is effected, as Will be seen,without subjecting the machine to injurious shocks and strains such asare caused by too sudden reversal, because to make the reversal motor Amust first be cut off from the power.

The switch S provides means by which the operator can at will stop themotor A (by opening said switch) Without reversing it.

What I claim is- 1. In combination a motor; a power-controlling member;a reversing device for the motor; and means connecting thepower-controlling member with the reversing device for operating thelatter without reversing the current to the reversing device, when thepower-controlling member is in an off position with reference to themotor.

2. In combination an electric motor; a motor-circuit therefor connectedwith a source of electrical power; a reversing device in said circuitfor reversing the direction of the How of current to the armature of themotor; and a power-controlling member adapted, when it opens saidmotor-circuit, completely to operate the reversing device, and when nextit closes said motor-circuit to cause the motor to be actuated inreverse direction by such reversed current.

3. In combination an electric motor; a motor-circuit therefor connectedwith a source of electrical power; a pole-changer in said circuit forreversing the direction of the flow of current to the armature of themotor; and a powercontrolling member adapted, when it opens saidmotor-circuit, completely to operate the pole-changer, and when next itcloses said motor-circuit to cause the motor to be actuated in reversedirection by such reversed current.

t. In combination an electric motor; a motor-circuit therefor connectedwith a source of electrical power; a reversing device in said circuitfor reversing the direction of the flow of current to the armature ofthe motor; and a rheostat having a movable arm or lever controlling saidcircuit and adapted, when it opens said motor-circuit, completely tooperate the reversing device, and when next it closes said motor-circuitto cause the motor to be actuated in reverse direction by such reversedcurrent.

5. The combination with an electric drivingmotor, a power-controllingmember, and a pole-changer in circuit with the motor, of a secondelectric motor for operating the polechanger, and a circuit for thesecond motor controlled by the power-controlling member when the same isin an off position with reference to the driving-motor, whereby thepolechanger will be completely reversed when the circuit of the secondmotor is operated by the power-controlling member.

6. In combination, an electric motor; a power-controlling membertherefor; a pole changer in circuit with the motor; an electromagnet foroperating the pole-changer, and a circuit therefor; saidpower-controlling member being adapted to close the electromagnetcircuitand so operate the pole-changer when the power-controlling member is inan oil position with reference to the motor, substantially as described.

7. In combination, an electric motor; a rhe- ITO latter, comprising aratchet-wheel rotatable with the pole-changer, and a ratchet actuated bythe electromagnet; and a circuit for the electromagnet; saidpower-controlling member being adapted to close the electromagnetcircuitand so operate the pole-changer when saidv member is in an off positionwith reference to the motor.

Signed by me at Concord, New Hampshire, this 23d day of May, 1904:.

ABE LINCOLN (JUSHMAN. \Vitnesses:

L. W. DURGIN, W. G. BUENEL.

